Ruptura de la cápsula posterior en la cirugía del cristalino / Posterior capsule rupture in crystalline lens surgery

RESUMEN La cirugía de catarata constituye hoy en día un reto para el cirujano oftalmólogo. Cada año se someten a este proceder miles de pacientes con el único propósito de mejorar su calidad visual, y por tanto su calidad de vida. Es por esto que lograr un acto quirúrgico libre de complicaciones es vital para que este procedimiento se pueda efectuar sin contratiempos. El advenimiento de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas y de la tecnología de punta hace que el cirujano de catarata esté constantemente tratando de satisfacer las exigencias de los pacientes que se someten a esta intervención. Teniendo en cuenta que dentro de las complicaciones transoperatorias una de las más frecuentes y temidas es la ruptura de la cápsula posterior, se realizó una búsqueda de diversos artículos publicados en los últimos diez años, utilizando la plataforma Infomed, específicamente la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con el objetivo de conocer los principales factores de riesgo, el diagnóstico, el manejo y las complicaciones asociadas a la ruptura capsular tras la cirugía del cristalino(AU)

ABSTRACT Cataract surgery is nowadays a challenge for eye surgeons. Thousands of patients undergo cataract surgery every year with the sole purpose of improving their visual quality and thus their quality of life. It is therefore crucial that complications do not occur during surgery, so that the procedure may be conducted without any mishap. Cataract surgeons should be aware of the new surgical techniques and state-of-the-art technology in the field to meet the demands of patients undergoing this surgical procedure. Bearing in mind that posterior capsule rupture is one of the most common and feared intraoperative complications, a search was conducted of papers published on the Infomed platform, particularly the Virtual Health Library, in the past ten years, with the purpose of collecting information about the main risk factors, diagnosis, management and complications associated to capsule rupture after lens surgery(AU)

Chronic maxillary sinusitis complicated by right orbital abscess with ruptured globe following tooth extraction: a case report

Objective: This article reports a case of a chronic maxillary sinusitis complicated by right orbital abscess with ruptured globe following tooth extraction in a 70-year-old female diabetic patient 4 weeks after forceps extraction of the upper right 1st premolar. Case Description: Patient gave a history that prior to the tooth extraction, there was a carious cavity on the tooth, pain on mastication with background nasal congestion and post nasal drip of over one year duration. 4 weeks following extraction, there was marked right buccal and periorbital swelling. Examination by the ophthalmologist revealed rupture of the right globe with copious pus discharge from the lower eyelid of the right eye. Examination by the dental team and the Head and Neck Surgeon revealed the presence of oroantral communication with pus discharge from the oroantral fistula and the retropharyngeal area. Fasting Blood Sugar on presentation was 278mg/dl. Patient was referred to the physician for optimization of her blood sugar level.Evisceration of the right eye was carried out along with incision and drainage of the right eyelid and buccal space. Intravenous ceftriaxone 1g daily,intravenous metronidazole 500mg 8 hourly, intramuscular genticin 80mg 8 hourly, eusol A&B dressing twice daily, paracetamol per oral 1g 8 hourly, menthol crystals steam inhalation twice daily, Diazepam 5mg nocte were prescribed for the patient. Inferior meatal antrostomy with antral washout was carried out by the Head and Neck Surgeon 2 weeks after. Following surgery, patient was placed on per oral Tavanic 500mg once daily, metronidazole 400mg 8 hourly, vitamin c 100mg 8hrly,guaifenesin/pseudoephedrine 25mg nocte, diclofenac potassium 50mg twice daily and menthol crystals steam inhalation twice daily. Review of the patient four weeks' after surgery showed marked improvement in the clinical parameters of the patient, disappearance of swelling and cessation of pus from all points of previous discharge.Conclusion: Chronic maxillary sinusitis complicated by right orbital abscess with ruptured globe following tooth extraction may be considered a potential complication of forceps extraction of maxillary premolars and molars especially in a medically compromised patient. The authors hereby recommend (1) ensuring adequate medical and dental evaluation of patients before forceps extraction (2) all medically compromised patients must be optimized before forceps extraction (3) The need for multidisciplinary management of medically compromised patients with dental diseases

Facoemulsificación en la cirugía de catarata / Phacoemulsification in cataract surgery

Introducción: la cirugía de catarata es una de las más frecuentes de toda la medicina. Es un procedimiento seguro que se efectúa anualmente a millones de pacientes en el mundo. A través de la historia se han ideado diferentes procedimientos para remover la catarata haciendo que esta cirugía sea relativamente fácil, segura y la rehabilitación visual usualmente exitosa. La facoemulsificación del cristalino es la técnica quirúrgica más segura y con mejores resultados para la cirugía de catarata en cirujanos oftalmólogos entrenados con las condiciones técnicas adecuadas. Objetivo: determinar los resultados de la técnica de facoemulsificación en la cirugía de catarata en el Hospital Militar Dr. Carlos J. Finlay. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el período comprendido desde enero del 2013 hasta diciembre de 2016. Fueron estudiados los pacientes operados de catarata mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación (315 ojos). Resultados: no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos, con mayor incidencia en pacientes de 70 y más años, la agudeza visual mejor corregida (AVMC) que predominó durante el preoperatorio fue de 0,4 a 0,6, y en el posoperatorio fue de 0,7 a 1, la rotura de cápsula posterior fue la complicación más frecuente en el transoperatorio, el edema corneal en el posoperatorio inmediato y la opacidad de cápsula posterior en el posoperatorio tardío; el promedio de pérdida de células endoteliales fue de 257 células. Conclusiones: la facoemulsificación muestra resultados beneficiosos, con mejoría visual evidente y mínima incidencia de complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Cataract surgery is one of the most often carried out in medicine. It is a safe procedure that is performed annually to millions of patients in the world. Throughout history, different procedures have been devised to remove the cataract, making this surgery relatively easy, safe and the visual rehabilitation usually successful. Phacoemulsification of the lens is the safest surgical technique with the best results for cataract surgery in trained ophthalmological surgeons with the appropriate technical conditions. Objective: To determine the results of the phacoemulsification technique in cataract surgery at the Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Military Hospital. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the period from January 2013 to December 2016. Patients undergoing cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification technique (315 eyes) were studied. Results: There were no significant differences between both sexes, with higher incidence in patients aged 70 and older, the best corrected visual acuity that predominated during the preoperative period was 0.4 to 0.6, and in the postoperative period it was 0.7 to 1, posterior capsule rupture was the most frequent complication in the transoperative period, corneal edema in the immediate postoperative period and posterior capsule opacity in the late postoperative period; the average endothelial cell loss was 257 cells. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification shows beneficial results, with evident visual improvement and minimal incidence of complications(AU)

Posterior argentinean flag-like sign during primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis / Sinal da bandeira argentina- like durante capsulorrexis posterior primária

ABSTRACT We describe a unique complication during primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) in a patient with megalocornea scheduled for phacoemulsification with toric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. After nucleus emulsification and cortex removal, the capsular bag was filled with cohesive viscoelastic in preparation for PCCC to achieve reverse optic capture of the IOL, thus ensuring stability. However, as soon as the initial puncture was made using a 27-gauge needle to start the capsulotomy, the posterior capsule opening extended peripherally from 0º-180º. This capsule extension was similar to the Argentinean-flag sign in hypermature cataracts, and both are caused by excessive intracapsular pressure. Careful bimanual manipulation was performed to implant the IOL on the desired axis, which occurred uneventfully. At a postoperative visit, the patient exhibited excellent uncorrected visual acuity with a well-aligned IOL.

RESUMO Os autores demonstram uma complicação durante a realização de uma capsulo tomia circular contínua posterior (CCCP) em um paciente com megalocórnea programado facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular (LIO) tórica multifocal. Após a remoção do núcleo e córtex, o saco capsular foi preenchido por viscoelástico coesivo com finalidade de prepará-lo para realização da CCCP e com isso assegurar o correto alinhamento do implante no eixo desejado. Entretanto, assim que a agulha de 27-gauge foi utilizada para confecção puntura inicial da capsulotomia, imediatamente a cápsula posterior se abriu até periferia de 0-180 graus, similar à lesão capsular vista no sinal da Bandeira Argentina em cataratas hipermaduras, ambos causados por pressão excessiva intracapsular. Manipulação cuidadosa foi realizada para implantação da lente no eixo correto, a qual aconteceu sem intercorrências. No pós-operatório, a paciente apresentou uma excelente acuidade visual sem correção com LIO corretamente alinhada no eixo desejado.

Phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract / Facoemulsificação na catarata polar posterior

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the results and complications of phacoemulsification surgery in eyes with posterior polar cataracts and compare the techniques of viscodissection and hydrodissection. Methods: The medical records of 29 consecutive patients (16 males, 13 females) with posterior polar cataracts (44 eyes) who had undergone cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used; viscodissection was applied to the experimental group (group 1) and hydrodissection to the control group (group 2). Results: The postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.19 ± 0.22 logMAR (mean ± standard deviation) (range 0.00-0.70) in group 1 and 0.25 ± 0.18 logMAR (range 0.00-0.70) in group 2. Although the mean postoperative BCVA in group 1 was greater than that in group 2, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.165). The mean postoperative BCVA was significantly greater than the mean preoperative BCVA in both groups (p=0.00). Intraoperatively, posterior capsular rupture occurred during the removal of the cortex in three eyes (13%) of group 1 patients, with vitreous loss and anterior vitrectomy in one eye only. In group 2, six eyes (28.5%) presented posterior capsular rupture, and anterior vitrectomy was performed because of vitreous loss in three eyes. Although the percentage of posterior capsular rupture was greater in group 2, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.207). Conclusions: Complications in posterior polar cataract surgeries can be overcome by being careful throughout the surgery and using proper techniques. Viscodissection may be better for avoiding posterior capsular rupture than hydrodissection.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados e complicações da cirurgia de facoemulsificação em olhos com catarata polar posterior e comparar as técnicas de viscodissecção e hidrodissecção. Métodos: Os prontuários de 29 pacientes consecutivos (16 homens, 13 mulheres) com posterior cataratas polares (44 olhos), que haviam sido submetidos a cirurgia de catarata foram analisados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a técnica utilizada; viscodissecção foi aplicada ao grupo experimental (grupo 1) e hidrodissecção para o grupo de controle (grupo 2). Resultados: No pós-operatório, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foi 0,19 ± 0,22 logMAR (média ± desvio padrão) (variação 0,00-0,70) no grupo 1 e 0,25 ± 0,18 (0,00-0,70) logMAR no grupo 2. Embora a média da BCVA pós-operatória do grupo 1 tenha sido maior do que a do grupo 2, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,165). A melhor acuidade visual corrigida pós-operatória foi significativamente melhor do que no pré-operatório, em ambos os grupos (p=0,00). No grupo 1, houve ruptura capsular posterior durante a remoção do córtex em três olhos (13%); houve perda vítrea e necessidade de vitrectomia anterior mas apenas em destes olhos. No grupo 2, a ruptura da cápsula posterior ocorreu em seis olhos (28,5%); vitrectomia anterior foi necessária após a perda vítrea em três destes olhos. Embora a porcentagem de ruptura da cápsula posterior tenha sido maior no grupo 2, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,207). Conclusões: As complicações em cirurgias de catarata polar posterior podem ser superadas com cautela durante toda a cirurgia e usando técnicas adequadas. Viscodissecção é melhor para evitar a posterior ruptura capsular do que hidrodissecção.

Comparação de acuidade visual final: cirurgias de catarata com intercorrências versus sem intercorrências / Comparison of final visual acuity: cataract surgery with intraoperative complications versus non intraoperative complications

Objetivo Comparar a acuidade visual (AV) final dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com e sem complicações intraoperatórias e possíveis fatores que contribuíram para o resultado ao final do pós-operatório. Métodos Análise dos prontuários de 179 pacientes, retrospectivo, longitudinal, operados de fevereiro a julho de 2013 no Instituto Dr. Suel Abujamra, pela técnica de facoemulsificação (FACO), divididos em dois grupos: com e sem complicações intraoperatórias. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos métodos teste-t para duas amostras ou Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes com cirurgia ocular prévia, retinopatia diabética proliferativa ou não proliferativa grave, outras retinopatias, escavação do disco óptico igual ou maior que 0,7x0,7 ou uso de mais de dois hipotensores oculares, olho único, catarata secundária à uveíte, traumática ou congênita. Resultados Dos 179 pacientes, 37 (20,7%) tiveram complicações intraoperatórias e 142 (79,3%) não tiveram complicações intraoperatórias. A média da idade dos pacientes foi de 70,33 anos. O olho direito foi o operado em 49,7% dos casos, e o olho esquerdo em 50,3%. O diabetes mellitus estava presente em 29,05% dos casos, sendo 29,73% de pacientes com complicação e 28,87% sem complicações. Do total, 77,65% atingiram uma AV final 20/40 ou melhor, sendo que nos pacientes com complicação a média para esta AV foi de 59,46% e no grupo sem complicações foi de 82,40%. A principal complicação foi ruptura de cápsula posterior. Conclusão Após toda a análise, verificamos que os fatores que implicaram com significância estatística em menor AV final foram as complicações intraoperatórias e a idade dos pacientes...

Objective Compare visual acuity (VA) of patients after cataract surgery with and without intraoperative complications regarding possible factors that contributed to the outcome on postoperative follow-up. Methods Longitudinal, retrospective study that evaluated 179 medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery under the technique Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in the Suel Abujamra Institute from february to july 2013. Patients were divided into two groups concerning presence or absence of intraoperative complications. Data were analyzed using t-test methods for two samples or (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance. Exclusion criteria were: patients with previous ocular surgery, retinopathy related to diabetes, either proliferative or severe non proliferative, other retinopathies, optic disc cup equal to or greater than 0,7x0,7, use of more than two ocular hypotensive medications, only one eye, cataract due to uveitis, trauma or congenital. Results 37 (20.7%) patients had intraoperative complications and 142 (79.3%) had not. Average age of patients was 70.33 years. There were 49.7% surgeries of the right eye and 50.3% of the left eye. There were 29.05% diabetic patients, of which 29.73% had intraoperative complications and 28.87% had not. From the 179 patients, 77.65% reached a final VA of 20/40 or better, considering that patients with intraoperative complications reached a VA of about 59.46% and patients without intraoperative complications of about 82.40%. The main complication was posterior capsular tear. Conclusion After entire evaluation, we realized that factors that influenced lower final VA, with statistical significance, were intraoperative complications and patient age...

Pseudohypopyon after Management of Posterior Capsule Rupture Using Intracameral Triamcinolone Injection in Cataract Surgery

No abstract available.

Posicionamento das alças de lentes intraoculares implantadas intencionalmente no sulco ciliar através da biomicroscopia ultrassônica / Positioning of intraocular lens haptics intentionally implanted in the ciliary sulcus by ultrasound biomicroscopy

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a posição das alças das lentes intraoculares implantadas intencionalmente no sulco ciliar, em olhos submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com complicação de ruptura de cápsula posterior, e correlacionar os achados com alterações clínicas observadas no exame oftalmológico, utilizando a biomicroscopia ultrassônica. MÉTODOS: Onze olhos (11 pacientes) que apresentaram ruptura de cápsula posterior durante a cirurgia de catarata com implantação intencional das alças no sulco ciliar foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico e biomicroscopia ultrassônica. Biomicroscopia ultrassônica avaliou os seguintes parâmetros: posicionamento da porção distal das alças, inclinação e descentração da lente intraocular. O exame oftalmológico foi focalizado para avaliar a presença de "flare" e células na câmara anterior, depósitos na lente e defeitos de transiluminação de íris. A pressão intraocular foi medida, a pigmentação do trabeculado foi determinada, e a avaliação fundoscópica foi necessária para afastar a presença de ruptura retiniana periférica e edema de mácula. RESULTADOS: Tempo pós-operatório médio para os exames: 103,09 ± 32,93 dias. Assimetria da posição foi observada em 3 olhos (27,2%), que tinham alça no sulco ciliar e a segunda alça localizada na pars plana em 2 olhos, associada à inclinação e descentração da lente intraocular; ou no corpo ciliar (1 olho). O exame oftalmológico observou: 5 (45,5%) olhos com defeitos de transiluminação de íris, 2 (18,1%) olhos com descentração da lente intraocular; 1 olho (9%) apresentou hipertensão intraocular. Em todos os casos observou-se hiperpigmentação do trabeculado à gonioscopia. Nenhum caso de rotura periférica de retina e/ou edema de mácula foi relatado. CONCLUSÕES: A biomicroscopia ultrassônica foi capaz de localizar as alças das lentes intraoculares implantadas intencionalmente no sulco ciliar durante cirurgia complicada de catarata, e pôde demonstrar a relação da descentração da lente intraocular com a implantação assimétrica das alças.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the position of haptics of intraocular lens intentionally implanted in the ciliary sulcus in eyes undergoing cataract surgery complication associated with intraoperative posterior capsule rupture, as well as to correlate the findings with clinical changes observed in ophthalmic examination, utilizing ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Eleven eyes (11 patients) who had posterior capsule rupture during cataract surgery with intentional implantation of the haptics in the ciliary sulcus, underwent complete ophthalmic examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy evaluated the parameters: positioning of the distal portion of the haptics, tilt and decentration of the intraocular lens. Ophthalmic examination was aimed to evaluate the presence of flare and cells in the anterior chamber, deposits on the lens and iris transillumination defects. Intraocular pressure was measured, pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork was determined, and a fundoscopic evaluation was needed to rule out peripheral retinal rupture and macular edema. RESULTS: Mean postoperative time for the examinations: 103.09 ± 32.93 days. Asymmetry of the haptics positioning was observed in 3 eyes (27.2%) that had one haptic in the ciliary sulcus, the second haptic was placed in the pars plana in 2 eyes, associated to intraocular lens tilt and decentration; or in the ciliary body (1 eye). Ophthalmic examination observed: 5 (45.5%) eyes with iris transillumination defects, 2 (18.1%) with intraocular lens decentration; 1 eye (9%) presented ocular hypertension. In all cases trabecular hyperpigmentation was observed at gonioscopy. No cases of peripheral retinal rupture and/or macular edema were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was able to locate the intraocular lens haptics intentionally implanted in the ciliary sulcus during complicated cataract surgery, and could demonstrate the relation of intraocular lens decentration to assymetric haptic implantation.